Essay Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Essay - Article Example r states that the total amount of bribes was more than $24million and even the top level executives of the organization were aware about this ethical violation. These practices by the Wal-Mart are against the legal laws of its base nation. Wal-Mart had violated the legal rules that are stated within the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Under this act a local organization is not allowed to bribe officials in foreign markets. Due to this malpractice, the organization started an internal investigation and identified that during the period of 2005 the vice chairman of the organization involved in increasing the expense account of the organization and was making wrong entries in the gift cards account of the organization. Furthermore the article states that the internal investigations were not even clean and were rather conducted to clear the top officials instead of dealing with those who were involved in the unethical practice of bribing. The article even states that those individual who were held responsible for the practice were themselves investigating the case and due to this a clean investigation never took place. Barstow, D. (2012). At Wal-Mart in Mexico, a Bribe Inquiry Silenced. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 23 December 2014, from

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay Example for Free

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay Corporations rely heavily on their internal business systems. These business systems consist of departments such as finance and accounting, human resource, legal, sales/marketing, and operations. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. contains all the necessary business systems to operate for day to day activities. Riordan, a manufacturing company HRIS system is dated back in 1992 and as part of the financial system, it tracks the employee information such as pay rate, hire date, personal tax exemption purposes, seniority date, vacation hours for none exempted employees, organizational information such as manager’s name and department for budget purposes, and personal information with inclusion of addresses, birth dates and names. The companys HRIS system was installed in 1992. It is a part of the financial systems package and keeps track of the following employee information: †¢Personal information (such as name, address, marital status, birth date, etc.) †¢Pay rate †¢Personal exemptions for tax purposes †¢Hire date †¢Seniority date (which is sometimes different than the hire date) †¢Organizational information (department for budget purposes, managers name, etc.) †¢Vacation hours (for non-exempt employees) Changes to this information are submitted in writing (on special forms) by the employees manager and are entered into the system by the payroll clerk. Training and development records are kept in an Excel worksheet by the training and development specialist. Each recruiter maintains applicant information for open positions. Rà ©sumà ©s are filed in a central storage area, and an Excel spreadsheet is used to track the status of applicants. Workers compensation is managed by a third-party provider, which keeps its own records. Employee files are kept by individual managers; there is no central employee file area. Managers are also responsible for tracking FMLA absences and any requests for accommodation under the ADA. The compensation manager keeps an Excel spreadsheet with the results of job analyses, salary surveys and individual compensation decisions. Employee relations specialists track information about complaints, grievances, harassment complaints, etc. in  locked files in their offices.

CRISPR-Cas9 History and Engineering

CRISPR-Cas9 History and Engineering A modular platform using engineered single short guide RNA to allow programming of CRISPR specificity, permitting high efficacy gene induction for analysis of gene function. The ability to control gene expression has been the key method in elucidating their respective functions, pathways, and regulatory elements; paving a way for future therapeutic applications. The two main approaches of determining gene function involve the analysis of loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. LOF involves a mutation in an allele where partial or full loss in genetic function occurs. GOF involves the introduction of a mutation which generates a new allele associated with a new function. The problem with GOF screening approaches is that theyre hindered by a requirement for large comprehensive cDNA library overexpression systems which rarely encompass the full spectrum of isoform variation. Viral expression vectors are not large enough to allow these to be cloned. LOF screening is the predominant way of analysing gene function, using techniques such as Transcription-activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) RNA interference and Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs). However, these are difficult to construct on a genome wide scale, unlike CRISPR-Cas9. A brief history of CRISPR-Cas9 In 1987, Ishino et al observed the presence of CRISPR repeats within bacterial genomes, but it wasnt until 2006 that Makarova proposed for its use as an adaptive immune system. Cas9 or CRISPR associated protein 9 is an endonuclease, guided by RNA and associated with CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). The system functions by interrogating and cleaving foreign DNA from bacteriophages by unwinding the foreign DNA and checking its complementation to a 20 base pair spacer region on the guide RNA. If the DNA substrate is complementary to the guide RNA, cleavage of the DNA occurs (Heler R, 2015). (Jinek M, 2012) discovered that by inactivating Cas9s two catalytic domains, its DNA cleavage ability is disrupted thereby creating catalytically dead or dCas9. This provides a platform for an RNA-guided transcript activator (dCas9-activator) using a single short guided RNA (sgRNA). Engineering CRISPR-Cas9 In their article: Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex, Konermann et al develop a system using programmable DNA binding proteins for engineering synthetic transcription factors for the modulation of endogenous gene expression. This allowed GOF screening and was successful in turning on tens of thousands of individual genes in parallel. To allow rational engineering of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, the structure of the Cas9-sg-RBA-target DNA tertiary complex had to be elucidated. To do this, crystallographic studies were performed. Optimal anchoring positions were determined for the activation domains. The team settled on the addition of protein interacting RNA aptamers to the tetraloop and stemloop 2 to facilitate the recruitment of effector domains to the Cas9, as illustrated in figure 1. Fusion of the dCas9 to transcriptional activation domains converts the Cas9 nuclease into an dCas9-activator. Linking the dCas9 to domains of proteins involved in transcriptional activation and allowing CRISPR to target promotor sequences regulating transcription of particular genes provides a means of modulating natural gene expression. The efficacy of this system is low causing at most a fivefold increase in activation. Tiling the promoter region with several sgRNAs can produce a substantial transcriptional activation. Konermann et al overcame this low efficiency by turning CRISPR sgRNA into a modular platform which assembles multiple different transcriptional activators. The addition of the protein interacting RNA aptamers attracts RNA binding proteins. The complex can be used to target the transcription activation domains of different transcription factors, creating a system termed the synergistic activator mediator (SAM) by its authors. Astonishingly, this complex can induce more than 100-fold activation of genes. Parallels can be drawn with the cells natural mechanisms of gene regulation; enhancers can turn on gene expression by generating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which act as modular scaffolds, recruiting cellular machinery similarly to CRISPR. Konnermanns findings appear to mimic the lncRNAs by orchestrating the use of multiple proteins to have them work in cohesion. Current Applications The authors displayed the applications of this response by creating a library of sgRNAs, thereby allowing individual activation of over 23,000 genes. Their experiments were centred around melanoma cancer cells. PLX-4720 is a common drug treatment, capable of killing these cancerous cells. The experiment involved activation of individual genes to establish which ones would provide resistance to the killing effects of the PLX-4720 treatment. Drug resistance was determined by calculating the relative frequency of sgRNAs in melanoma cells post drug treatment. sgRNAs were correspondent to the genes involved in known drug-resistance pathways.   This verified that the SAM technique could identify biologically significant outcomes of varied gene expression. It was determined that 13 genes whose altered gene expression produced a state of drug resistance. Potential applications The significance of the findings of Konnermann et al are a new and improved programmable targeting system for DNA by which RNA sequences can be engineered to determine specificity. Through this, single sgRNA-mediated gene upregulation can be performed.This next generation of CRISPR expands the Cas9 toolbox, further engineering may take advantage of the modular nature of this system. The scaffolding allows variation in the use of aptamers, for recruitment of specific effectors It has been proposed to replace the MS2 stem loops with PP7 elements to recruit repressive elements as opposed to activators, thereby opening the possibility of bidirectional transcript control. Further research is required to determine off target effects of CRISPR and validate experiments to confirm effects of altered gene expression. This will require a detailed understanding of regulatory elements and further experiments with gene sub libraries. Future applications will involve positive and negative selectio n screens to determine genetic elements in cells.

Gene in A Seperate Peace :: John Knowles

At a young age everyone creates an enemy. Peace comes when this enemy leaves or has been destroyed. Everyone must fight, negotiate, and/or struggle with their enemy to be left with nothing but peace. Gene Forrester was the main character in the book A Separate Peace by John Knowles, which took place in the time of World War II. He made his enemy leave, through the death of his best friend Finny. As a result of fighting the wrong battle, Gene apologized to his friend Finny and found peace. After the highly athletic person Finny â€Å"Falls† from the tree, Gene begins to wonder who his friends are, and why his friends are his friends. At this time Gene starts to create a part of his enemy, â€Å"Jealousy†. Gene didn’t know if it was an accident when Finny fell from the tree, or if it was the jealousy that hurt his pal. Gene reflects â€Å"Could it be that, he might even be right? Had I really and defiantly and knowingly done it to him after all?† (70, Knowles). Gene is unsure and begins to question himself and weather his best friend is truly, his best friend. Gene is jealous of Finnys natural athleticism, Gene isn’t very athletic but does well in school, Finny is the opposite. Gene wonders to himself if he had been so jealous to just hurt, or possibly even kill his roommate and best friend. This was an internal battle, between his jealous side VS. his moral side. The jealous side wanted Finny out of the way, so he could becom e good at everything, and the moral side wanted to stay morally straight. Unfortunately his jealous side won this battle. When the enemy leaves, that person may not realize that his/her enemy has left for a duration of time, that person could be preoccupied with something else, or creating another enemy. This duration of time could be 15 years or two months, it could be any time at all. When Gene is on the battlefield getting ready to try to kill his enemy (literally) he realizes that his enemy has been gone since the death of his best friend Finny. Finny died from a nasty fall down the stairs and broke his leg again, the marrow from his bone flowed into his heart and killed him.

Competitive Sports Beneficial Essay

Is putting a child into a competitive sport beneficial for them? Some people believe competitive sports to have a negative impact on children. It’s hard on their bodies, they tend to put sports before education, and it puts a great deal of pressure on the child to win and if not it can lower the child’s self-esteem. Yes, like everything in life, it has its negatives, but its positives outweigh its negatives by a numerous amount. Competitive sports help children not only physically but mentally and emotionally. Sports can have a great impact on a child’s life and can help them grow not only as an athlete, but as a person. Growing up playing sports you meet many new and different people, which helps you learn how to adapt and get to know new people more quickly. Playing competitive sports, you meet people with the same interests and you can develop long lasting friendships. Children learn to participate as a team not just as an individual; this will be needed throughout someone’s life through jobs, relationships, and much more. Character and integrity are associated with competitive sports. These two characteristics are not built through competitive sports, but are revealed in a competition. The hope is that you learn to do the right thing and make the right choices, which is character and integrity at its finest. â€Å"Competitive athletes are consistently involved in situations where they are challenged. This not only occurs on the competitive field of play but in the practice gym as well. When this happens, their level of perseverance and determination will be tested. The hope is that they become stronger within over time† (Mango). They also learn discipline, how to set goals and how to achieve those goals. â€Å"Kids involved in sports are less likes to take drugs or smoke because they realize the impacts that these destructive activities can have upon their performance. Girls who play sports are also less likely to become pregnant† (McEntire). Some parents believe it is too much too soon, and that there is a misplaced emphasis on the â€Å"wrong† things such as winning at all costs. Children mature at different ages and may or may not be ready to play in a healthy competition. Competitive sports typically require strategic planning and other more complex cognitive abilities however, they don’t perform as well under the pressures of competition until they are closer to twelve† (Ray). The child has to learn how to lose gracefully and often the costs of the lesson outweighs the types of lessons learned, especially when children are placed under too much stress to win. In addition, children may not be physically ready for the demands of training and hard play. Repetitive motion injuries, muscle injuries and accidents can be detrimental to children’s developing bodies. According to Linda Ray’s article, â€Å"Should Children Play Competitive Sports† the key to successful competitive play for children depends on a healthy balance of parental involvement, social and team pressure, physical conditioning and time. With these combinations and good coaches it is extremely beneficial for children to play competitive sports.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method The Scientific Method is a way to document the results of an experiment. It isthe proper or correct way to write a formal scientific paper. It is really important that iftwo different people on opposite sides of the world both do the same experiment,they need to have a universal way of writing their research. That is why the ScientificMethod is so important. People need to be able to easily reference certain points inother's research without having to search they whole paper for it, some of thosepapers can be pretty long.The Scientific Method was created by some guy along time ago. I'm not sure ofhis name because I couldn't find it in my notes. It might have been DaVinci becausehe was "A smart dude." There is also a good chance that it was Pythagoras, he wasalso "A smart dude.‚" I do know that it was created a long time ago, because manypeople have used it for quite a long time.English: Pantothenic acid 3D structureThere was a total of 9 calories per gram of fat, 4 calories per g ram of carbohydrates and 4 calories per gram of proteins.3. The total calorie count was 508kcal for the serving of 7 that I chose previously.4. Some of the most common vitamins and minerals in this food item were 722mg of Sodium (Na), 472mg of Potassium (K), 458mg of Phosphorus (P) and 141mg of Calcium (Ca); 6.447mg of Niacin, 3.1 mg of Vitamin C, 0.735mg of Pantothenic acid, 0.286mg of Riboflavin, 0.271mg of Thiamin, although there were many more components contained in this particular item and will be discussed further along.5. Other important nutritional components of this food item were a significant amount of another important vitamin which was 15% Iron. Iron is helpful because it creates...

Galileos Understanding of the All †Theology Essay

Galileos Understanding of the All – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Galileo’s Understanding of the All Theology Paper Enter the stage of one of the most famous battles of science vs. religion in history- Galileo Galilei pitted against the clergy, professors, and philosophers of his day who refuted his heliocentric model of the solar system based on their interpretation of the Bible. Besides the obvious superficial issues such as the way Galileo’s opposition defined what Joshua meant when he said that the sun â€Å"stood still,† the problem stemmed from a much more important intrinsic issue. Essentially, this battle is a problem of inability to define and understand terms- applied to the particular conflict of science vs. religion, it means that one or both of the parties involved in the conflict do not fully understand what the terms â€Å"science† or â€Å"religion† mean; they make the devastating- and often deadly- mistake of failing to comprehend the implication that the two terms define and explain two completely separable concepts and need not ever be in conflict. Rather than simply a problem of science vs. religion, Galileo’s problem is centrally one of authority of interpretation. In the Bible, Joshua commands the sun and the moon to â€Å"stand still† and they do (Josh. 10:12-13). The conflict arises when the learned men of the day take this to mean literally that the sun ceased to move, thus implying of course that the sun had been moving all along and it needed command from Joshua to stop. Galileo’s undeniable conclusion from his research and sensory data was that the planets, including the Earth, revolved around the sun, and not around the Earth as was thought in the Ptolemaic model of the solar system. Looking at this passage today, it is easy to reconcile the apparent conflict of the Bible’s verbiage and the modern findings of the day. In fact, today with our knowledge of relativity we know that not only do we detect that the sun and the Earth both move in respect to other stars and to the galaxy and the uni verse in general, we cannot conclude whether it is the sun or the Earth or the other stars that are actually moving- each is moving in respect to the others in its own reference frame. We could just as easily say that the Earth is standing still and everything else in the universe is moving around it, or we could say the same about the sun, or we could say they are both moving. It does not matter- â€Å"motion† is only a convenient term we use to describe changes in distance differences between objects over time, and does not imply anything having an absolute stationary form. Understanding the current discoveries about motion, we can gain an even greater comprehension of the absurdity of the literal Biblical interpretation of the passage in Joshua. Most assuredly, Joshua says that the sun â€Å"stood still,† but it certainly does not mention anything about the other planets. Of course, it was a more difficult task for Galileo, who did not have the concept of relativity (and naturally assumed that one body or the other had to be stationary), to dispute the geocentric model. He did not understand that the sun could certainly be the center of the solar system, and still be moving. However, regardless of how he tried to explain the situation, the entire debate revolved around a deeper issue- the role of science and its place in the realm of religious and biblical authority. Galileo took a definite stance on the issue of around which celestial body the planets revolved, but he held another, more general perspective on how to view science in the light of religion- a view which seemed quite peculiar for his time. Basically, Galileo believed in the truth and authority of the Bible, but held that for one reason or another, God often does not tell us the mechanisms or means by which he does His wonders, and that the world is one, i.e. if sensory evidence seems to contradict the Bible, then the interpretation that furthers the inconsistency must be mistaken, as God will never contradict truth. This view, however, it was certainly nothing new or revolutionary. Many others had held the same view centuries prior, and Galileo even quoted St. Augustine, a Father of the early Catholic Church, whom the opposition to Galileo certainly respected and held in esteem. Augustine says, â€Å"If anyone shall set the authority of Holy Writ against clear and manifest reason, he who does this knows not what he has undertaken; for he opposes to the truth not the meaning of the Bible, which is beyond his comprehension, but rather his own interpretation; not what is in the Bible, but what he has found in himself and imagines to be there† (186). Instead of simply presenting the evidence of his discovery to his opposition, which has already been proven to be ineffective, Galileo is defending the very value of scientific evidence itself. He has reached the level of maturity as a scientist and as a human being to step back and look at the â€Å"All.† The All is a term used quite infrequently- for example, we find it in the English translation of Spinoza’s Ethics, but rarely do we hear it spoken or even read it. Basically the All is defined as â€Å"that of which nothing is excluded;† it is a counter-definition of sorts. It means, basically, everything. The All is a simple term for all of reality: Earth, everybody and all atoms on it, the stars, and the electromagnetic waves- all of the cosmos. But not only that- anything that exists is encompassed in the All. That includes the thoughts of people, the existence of all intelligences, and all laws of reality including the ones by which God creates his worlds a nd universes. And now we come to the problem of definitions and their applications, which was addressed above. Science is defined thus as nothing but the study of the All. It simply answers the question, â€Å"how?† â€Å"How does the All work?† Therefore, however God created the Earth and however Jesus turned water into wine is encompassed into science. However we think and how our thoughts lead to certain conclusions is also in the All, so it is science. There is no â€Å"supernatural world† in this sense. If there are spirits, ESP, and all that, i.e., if that exists, it is part of the All. It is part of the natural world. Religion is a little more difficult to define, but its concept is easily recognizable. It basically gives the All meaning and order. It answers two questions. The first is, â€Å"why does the All exist? (or, why do things exist rather than not exist- what is the meaning of all this existence?)† The second question is that of â€Å"who?† †Å"Who is in charge? To whom are we to come for answers and guidance?† Those who seek to understand the All generally approach it from three general directions. The first is the mythological approach. Usually initiated by fear and/or wonder, the mythological method seeks to answer all three questions through religion. They find that their â€Å"why† and â€Å"who† questions are usually well answered and clear, but by trying to answer â€Å"how?† through their sun goddesses and epic heroes and their Atlas holding up the Earth, they never arrive at anything conclusive or based on something real or tangible. The Christian contemporaries in Galileo’s time and even today who are constantly in opposition to science belong to this group. In direct opposition to the mythological method is the sensory approach- the second line of attack seeking to explain the All. Usually atheistic scientists and many philosophers of science hold this view. They use their evidence from their own perceptions and experiments to answer all three question s. This is a perfect way to answer the â€Å"how?† question, as the mechanisms of the universe can all be experimentally determined and realistically explained. However, a problem arises when these people use the same data to try to answer the â€Å"why† and â€Å"who† questions. Having never directly seen a god or been able to determine any reasons for why their experiments go the way they do, they generally come up with the nihilist answers â€Å"no reason,† and â€Å"nobody,† respectively. Galileo takes the third, or synthetic approach, which looks to religion to answer the questions â€Å"who† and â€Å"why,† and finds its â€Å"how† through science and its methods. This is truly the only comprehensively correct way to approach the All. Modern experimental science cannot prove the existence of God or explain his purpose. We need religion and the authority of the Bible for the answers to those questions, and Galileo repeatedly remarks throughout his letter to the Grand Duchess Christina that he understands that very purpose of the Bible and believes in it. However, he tells us that the Bible does not give us scientific treatises or explanations of the mechanisms of â€Å"geometry, astronomy, music, and medicine† (193) as well as the books specializing in those matters. The Bible is a book that gives us religion and answers the questions that religion is supposed to answer. Now, it is true that if God came down and gave us an explanation on h ow He created a tree, this would be science. But, the point here is that God also takes the synthetic approach. With His understanding of the entire All, He can explain the â€Å"how† in terms of science and the â€Å"why† and â€Å"who† in terms of religion. Again, the terms â€Å"science† and â€Å"religion† are simply our man-made conventional terms for approaching the three different questions- God, being omniscient, has no need for such a distinction. Galileo believes in the reality of the All. He believes in the Bible but understands that it answers only part of the truth in the universe. Although the questions â€Å"why† and â€Å"who† are arguably the questions for which our knowledge of the answers are the most important, they are not the only questions out there to be answered. Galileo knows that God sees his efforts to understand His universe as noble and worthy; he knows that he has discovered a valuable truth of the universe, and thus discovered a valuable part of God. It is unfortunate that those people who profess to be God’s very own could stray so far from the position of understanding truth to which He would have us lean. Research Papers on Galileo’s Understanding of the All - Theology EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Free Essays on The History Of Jazz

The History Of Jazz The first jazz was played in the early 20th century. The work chants and folk music of black Americans are among the sources of jazz, which reflects the rhythms and expressions of West African song. Ragtime, an Afro-American music that first appeared in the 1890s, was composed for the piano, and each rag is a composition with several themes. The leading ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. The first improvising jazz musician was the cornetist Buddy Bolden, leader of a band in New Orleans. The first jazz bands were usually made up of one or two cornet players who played the principal melodies, a clarinetist and trombonist who improvised countermelodies, and a rhythm section (piano, banjo, string bass or tuba, and drums) to accompany the horns. These bands played for dancers or marched in parades in the South. Some of the first New Orleans musicians were among the most stirring of all jazz artists. They include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, clarinetist-soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, and cornetist King Oliver. The first jazz record was made in 1917 by a New Orleans band the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, made up of white musicians who copied black styles. The New Orleans musicians discovered that audiences were eager for their musician the cities of the North and the Midwest. In the 1920s Chicago became the second major jazz center. White Chicago youths, such as tenor saxophonist Bud Freeman and clarinetist Benny Goodman, were excited by the New Orleans masters including the thrilling Louis Armstrong, who played in King Oliver's band. The third major jazz center was New York City, and it became the most important. In New York, pianists such as James P. Johnson created the piano style by transforming rags and Southern black folk dances into jazz. Jazz was first played in the ballrooms and theaters of New York. Louis Armstrong was among the jazz musicians wh... Free Essays on The History Of Jazz Free Essays on The History Of Jazz The History Of Jazz The first jazz was played in the early 20th century. The work chants and folk music of black Americans are among the sources of jazz, which reflects the rhythms and expressions of West African song. Ragtime, an Afro-American music that first appeared in the 1890s, was composed for the piano, and each rag is a composition with several themes. The leading ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. The first improvising jazz musician was the cornetist Buddy Bolden, leader of a band in New Orleans. The first jazz bands were usually made up of one or two cornet players who played the principal melodies, a clarinetist and trombonist who improvised countermelodies, and a rhythm section (piano, banjo, string bass or tuba, and drums) to accompany the horns. These bands played for dancers or marched in parades in the South. Some of the first New Orleans musicians were among the most stirring of all jazz artists. They include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, clarinetist-soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, and cornetist King Oliver. The first jazz record was made in 1917 by a New Orleans band the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, made up of white musicians who copied black styles. The New Orleans musicians discovered that audiences were eager for their musician the cities of the North and the Midwest. In the 1920s Chicago became the second major jazz center. White Chicago youths, such as tenor saxophonist Bud Freeman and clarinetist Benny Goodman, were excited by the New Orleans masters including the thrilling Louis Armstrong, who played in King Oliver's band. The third major jazz center was New York City, and it became the most important. In New York, pianists such as James P. Johnson created the piano style by transforming rags and Southern black folk dances into jazz. Jazz was first played in the ballrooms and theaters of New York. Louis Armstrong was among the jazz musicians wh...

Stricter Guidelines for Concussion Testing in High School Athletics Research Paper

Stricter Guidelines for Concussion Testing in High School Athletics - Research Paper Example Concussion results from a blow to the skull and instigates a disorder of working of the nerve cells in the brain. This means that division of the functions of the brain are for the time being 'on hold'. The indications comprise impermanent oblivion,  headache  and, most of the times, a memory loss about the dangerous incident. Nausea and vomiting are also general symptoms. As stated by Michael p. MacClenny â€Å" American athletes suffer 300 000 concussive injuries on a yearly basis and 19% of participants in contact sports such as football and rugby are likely to suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a season†. The rate of recurrence of this injury, with a lack in understanding of scientific healing methods and physiology, has been the reason to augmented consideration from the world of sports medicine. The generally hotly discussed concern in sports concussion circles around efforts to set up a scientifically based guide for going back-to-play restrictions, g iven that a subsequent effect prior to previous one from a first concussion can have harmful effects. According to Hovda DA â€Å"This idea is based on recent animal models which suggest that symptoms of sports concussion are likely related to acute metabolic dysfunction† Post -traumatic hectic glycolysis and simultaneous reduced flow of cerebral blood have been concerned for the reason of this dysfunction. It is assumed that metabolic disorder, unless fully treated, may intensify the neurological susceptibility of the athlete if a following shock (even slight one) is continued. The second controversial influence disorder and less stern, although potentially debilitating post-concussion patterns are two dangers concerned with returning a sportsperson to engage in a physical activity before absolute recovery. According to Collins MW â€Å"Although long-term deficits in the form of post-concussion syndrome have been observed from a single concussive event , it is typically ass umed that proper management of injury should lead to a good prognosis and minimal, if any, long-term neurological deficits.† As a result, the exact supervision of concussion is necessary in protecting athletes from an enduring cognitive injury or else death. The great amount of concussive wounds are experienced at the high school and sophomoric levels of involvement, nonetheless many trainers, athletic coaches and team doctors may possibly be ignorant of the harsh penalties and consequences that can take place in returning an athlete to participate ahead of time. As stated by Taylor and Francis â€Å"Recent studies claim that the average concussion ameliorates within 1 week of onset and many concussion grading scales also clear mildly and moderately injured athletes for participation within 1 week.† It is the hypothesis of the author that an even slight concussion frequently needs more than seven days to entirely treat. Concussions have forever been a component of physi cal sports; however with players turning into stronger and bigger, some steps have to be done to increase consciousness of the seriousness of concussions and what may occur afterward down the road if sportsperson are not allocated the sufficient quantity of time to get well. According to Lindsey Newman â€Å" The National Football League has already put regulations on how long a player has to stay out after

Professional Practice Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Professional Practice Activity - Essay Example This essay describes some of the advantages of using medical acronyms are, first, it could save time and effort for all health care professional, especially if there are many patients that needs to attend. In addition, abbreviations are commonly used in medical records to save time and space when writing medical information in a patient's medical record, file or for prescriptions. Many medical conditions and drugs have long complicated names that would take time to completely write on a patient's chart or script if abbreviations were not used.How could Jane's medical records be affected by mistakes? The health record of Jane Dare, I can conclude that Dare’s documents can really affected by some errors in abbreviations. For example, MOM which stands for Milk of Magnesia, for some who first encounter this acronym they would think that it is not a form of medication. Another one is NAS, No Added Salt which in the first I read it, I did not think that it is a form of diet for pati ent who had CHF Congestive Heart Failure. The three most common types of abbreviation-related errors were prescribing, improper dose/quantity, and incorrectly prepared medication. The most common abbreviation resulting in a medication error was the use of "qd" in place of "once daily† and "U" for units, "cc" for mL, "MSO4" or "MS" for morphine sulfate, and decimal errors. These are all part of health record of Jane Dare, that’s why Jane’s record will be affected of mistakes.

Strategic planning and control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic planning and control - Assignment Example In order to sell more in the beginning, the production capacity had also been increased, but the result demonstrated that the demand was only half of the production. So, I have learned that it is not necessary to utilize all the resources as inventory got larger and it is not good for the company. We need to observe the internal position of the organization which will enable us to determine how well the company can manage the competitive and external environment. I also came to know that a strategic planning and critical success factors need to be developed for the products and services. SWOT (strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats) analysis must be carried out, which will allow the company to evaluate their strategic situation. The product life-cycle model needs to be taken into consideration in order to discuss how the cost of product can vary over a product’s life cycle. I also discovered that key performance indicators of the company need to be analyzed, through which we can know what factors are leading to its success and competitive advantage. I also learnt that working in a group is more beneficial than working as an individual as it comprises the ideas of four to five people and involve more communication and consequently leads to an enhanced decision making process. Soft skills need to be developed in order to resolve the conflict which arises in the discussion process within the group. At the same time, time management is also important for successful completion of a project. Strategic planning is defined as the method of defining the plans of the companies for achieving their missions. The strategy of an organization is therefore a derived approach towards attaining that mission. Organizational level and divisional level planning should be directly related to the strategic plan of the organization (Gates, 2010). Through the module, I came to know the elements of strategic planning and why it is important

Business Strategy in Transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy in Transport - Essay Example Airline industry is increasing in the present booming economy encouraging new entrants new establish their service. Modern day airline industry follows low cost strategy so as to provide an alternative to the price sensitive clients which evolved during the period of crisis during 2000 followed by 9/11 strike by terrorist and Iraq war (Cento, 2008). Therefore entering into the market, the business entrepreneur must analyze the market situation, identifying the routes to operate and airports, main business centre, reaching time, etc. In a bid to enter the airline industry, a air route from London to Brussels has identified through Heathrow airport in London and Brussels National Airport. Heathrow airport is one of world’s busiest international airports with five terminals. It is situated 32 kilometers from the London city while used by more than 68 million passengers each year. Over 100 companies operate at this airport providing service the customers flying them to over 200 destinations. The airport is connected by road and rail making it easier for the passengers make it convenient for them to choose the mode of transport they would like to reach the airport. Nearby the airport, there are three international hotels and other 20 plus hotels in the city. There are plenty of buses of National Express from London to Heathrow airport which departs every 15 to 30 minutes from 4.30 am to midnight which takes about 45 minutes to reach the place.

Comparison of economic efficiency of the model of perfect competition Essay

Comparison of economic efficiency of the model of perfect competition with that of monopoly markets - Essay Example Moreover, their ability to exploit economies of scale also allows them to sell their products at very low prices which are often less than the cost price of other sellers, thus allowing the larger companies to easily drive them out of the business3. However, monopoly seller, as mentioned earlier, is highly likely not to satisfy the complete demand for its product so that it could charge a premium price. Therefore, the monopoly seller fails to take the full advantage of economies of scale, unlike many firms in monopolistic, perfectly competitive and oligopolistic markets4. Other than technical, allocative and productive inefficiencies, monopolies are also likely to be X-inefficient. American Economist Liebenstein argued that regardless of the level of production, monopolies are always X-inefficient because of the absence of competitive pressures5. Therefore, there costs of production are always higher than it would be within perfectly competitive on even monopolistic markets. The same is true because monopolies sellers are most likely to own technologies, assets, and machines that are not operating at their fullest or which are not needed. Furthermore, they are also likely to overpay people, thus leading to cost inefficiencies6. In presence of competition, firms spend great deal of time and energy over ensuring that they decrease their costs to utmost possible. Consider the example of the US airline industry where strong competitive pressures have forced companies to seek more cost effective pressure. Competition forced Southwest Airlines to create a new business model aimed at cost effectiveness where the company flies its aircrafts for more than 11 hours a day, uses same aircrafts for reducing maintenance and training costs, flies short haul, uses dynamic...This paper is an attempt to explore the economic efficiency outcomes of monopoly markets with that of perfect competition markets. Furthermore, the paper would also attempt to present a possible government policy to improve efficiency within the markets. The focus of policymakers should be at creating policies and programs that facilitate competition within various markets, especially within monopolies markets. However, policymakers should draw a line for their intervention. Even in the worst times, direct government intervention or control is not a viable long-term option for creating efficiency because not only it is inefficient but ineffective. The only policy that governments should pursue is to ensure that monopolistic and oligopolistic markets could move towards a perfectly competitive market. Interestingly, in many cases, it is the existing government policy and structure, which creates the costs and hurdles for new entrants to enter into the market. Therefore, governments all over the world should try to follow the economic models of countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland where the government intervention within the markets is minimal. Furthermore, the cost of starting up a business, running the business and winding up the business are also much lesser than the rest of the world. The focus should be on reducing the excessive costs and time required to start, operate and wind up a business, opening up borders to other companies, facilitating free trade and research and development.

Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump Essay

Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump - Essay Example Scottie tails her when she visits the art gallery to view Carlotta’s portrait, later she purchases florets similar to those in the Carlotta's portrait, before visiting a hotel which was Carlotta’s former room and her graveyard. Afterwards, he saves her from imminent death and he begins efforts to free her from her obsession. However, he loses her. Later, when he meets a girl on the streets with an eerie semblance to Madeleine, his personal obsession starts, and he attempts to remake her to Madeleine. Many movements are found in this movie. One movement widely used in vertigo is zoom and dolly. A dolly shot involves capturing the images with cameras attached to a mobile platform (dolly) (Boogs 45). The platform could be fitted with wheels or it could be a track to enable the actions to be recorded several times if need be. It is widely applied in the movie to follow different scenes especially where two individuals are walking as they talk. This shot may engross followin g a particular exploit such as two people walking while engaged in a conversation. In the zoom movement, the focal length lens is varied resulting in the scene being close or far. However, this makes the films appear unnatural. The movie vertigo effectively combines these two techniques to Alfred Hitchcock made effectual utilization of an amalgamation of a zoom and a "dolly" in the movie Vertigo to display Scottie’s acrophobia. For instance, when Scottie ascents to the tall bell turret and gazes down, the quick pulling back of the camera and the simultaneous zooming of the focal lens from wide angle to telephoto illustrates this phenomenon (Locke). The outcome of this movement is that objects that were close continue the unchanged size while the near objects seemed to stay the same size but the foot of the turret in the distance appeared rushed up to the viewers, thereby effectively creating a perturbing sense of dizziness and lightheadedness. Vertigo is a quite constrained m ovie that greatly applies the 180-degree rule. It is largely acted in the third person and employs continuity editing although there are few first person acts. It appears that the third person acts were mostly abridged from many short-range and long-range camera shots and movements resulting in a fine flow. The first person acts have different camera movements and abridging techniques including numerous fast camera movements, long and crane shots, and cutout, montage editing. Some specific camera movements that are clearly demonstrated are the fluid, zoom-in recording and the 360-degree pan. The former is brought out at the restaurant when Scottie begins to follow Madeleine while the latter is shown when Scottie meets Judy and remakes her to Madeleine. In swish or whip pan, the camera movement is so quick that the pictures are blurred. This is used to produce a vertiginous effect of weightlessness (Boggs, 54). Forest Gump is a story of a simpleton’s epic journey all the way t hrough existence in the later half of the 20th century. While on the way, he stumbles upon real-life historical figures and participates in actual historical events. Forrest is the embodiment of traditional values such as worshipping God, honoring the parents and doing he is told, and never questions authority. He succeeds in life by embracing the values of mainstream society. The movie Forrest Gump is very discontinuous and

Business Strategy in Transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy in Transport - Essay Example Airline industry is increasing in the present booming economy encouraging new entrants new establish their service. Modern day airline industry follows low cost strategy so as to provide an alternative to the price sensitive clients which evolved during the period of crisis during 2000 followed by 9/11 strike by terrorist and Iraq war (Cento, 2008). Therefore entering into the market, the business entrepreneur must analyze the market situation, identifying the routes to operate and airports, main business centre, reaching time, etc. In a bid to enter the airline industry, a air route from London to Brussels has identified through Heathrow airport in London and Brussels National Airport. Heathrow airport is one of world’s busiest international airports with five terminals. It is situated 32 kilometers from the London city while used by more than 68 million passengers each year. Over 100 companies operate at this airport providing service the customers flying them to over 200 destinations. The airport is connected by road and rail making it easier for the passengers make it convenient for them to choose the mode of transport they would like to reach the airport. Nearby the airport, there are three international hotels and other 20 plus hotels in the city. There are plenty of buses of National Express from London to Heathrow airport which departs every 15 to 30 minutes from 4.30 am to midnight which takes about 45 minutes to reach the place.

Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump Essay

Compare and Contrast between Vertigo and Forrest Gump - Essay Example Scottie tails her when she visits the art gallery to view Carlotta’s portrait, later she purchases florets similar to those in the Carlotta's portrait, before visiting a hotel which was Carlotta’s former room and her graveyard. Afterwards, he saves her from imminent death and he begins efforts to free her from her obsession. However, he loses her. Later, when he meets a girl on the streets with an eerie semblance to Madeleine, his personal obsession starts, and he attempts to remake her to Madeleine. Many movements are found in this movie. One movement widely used in vertigo is zoom and dolly. A dolly shot involves capturing the images with cameras attached to a mobile platform (dolly) (Boogs 45). The platform could be fitted with wheels or it could be a track to enable the actions to be recorded several times if need be. It is widely applied in the movie to follow different scenes especially where two individuals are walking as they talk. This shot may engross followin g a particular exploit such as two people walking while engaged in a conversation. In the zoom movement, the focal length lens is varied resulting in the scene being close or far. However, this makes the films appear unnatural. The movie vertigo effectively combines these two techniques to Alfred Hitchcock made effectual utilization of an amalgamation of a zoom and a "dolly" in the movie Vertigo to display Scottie’s acrophobia. For instance, when Scottie ascents to the tall bell turret and gazes down, the quick pulling back of the camera and the simultaneous zooming of the focal lens from wide angle to telephoto illustrates this phenomenon (Locke). The outcome of this movement is that objects that were close continue the unchanged size while the near objects seemed to stay the same size but the foot of the turret in the distance appeared rushed up to the viewers, thereby effectively creating a perturbing sense of dizziness and lightheadedness. Vertigo is a quite constrained m ovie that greatly applies the 180-degree rule. It is largely acted in the third person and employs continuity editing although there are few first person acts. It appears that the third person acts were mostly abridged from many short-range and long-range camera shots and movements resulting in a fine flow. The first person acts have different camera movements and abridging techniques including numerous fast camera movements, long and crane shots, and cutout, montage editing. Some specific camera movements that are clearly demonstrated are the fluid, zoom-in recording and the 360-degree pan. The former is brought out at the restaurant when Scottie begins to follow Madeleine while the latter is shown when Scottie meets Judy and remakes her to Madeleine. In swish or whip pan, the camera movement is so quick that the pictures are blurred. This is used to produce a vertiginous effect of weightlessness (Boggs, 54). Forest Gump is a story of a simpleton’s epic journey all the way t hrough existence in the later half of the 20th century. While on the way, he stumbles upon real-life historical figures and participates in actual historical events. Forrest is the embodiment of traditional values such as worshipping God, honoring the parents and doing he is told, and never questions authority. He succeeds in life by embracing the values of mainstream society. The movie Forrest Gump is very discontinuous and

Inclusive Education Essay Example for Free

Inclusive Education Essay The management of inclusion is a source of enormous challenge to many schools across the globe. Developed countries in particular are faced with the mounting challenge of ensuring that every child is educated up to adequate standards (Ainscow 1995). Similarly, families that have children with special needs are seeking institutions that can provide their children with the standard level of education received by other children. Educational Institutions are also in a similar boat, continually faced with the mounting challenge of accepting and responding to the diversity that each child brings to the classroom. While many definitions of inclusion are pervasive, it remains widely accepted that the notion of inclusion involves welcoming and encouraging diversity amongst all learners. Inclusive education can be viewed from different perspectives. Different educational settings and social communities have differing perceptions of what it means. Most literature however start with the general notion that education is a basic human right that forms the foundation of every just and fair society. However, the basic elements of its meaning can be categorized into four. Ainscow (2005) suggests the first element involves seeing inclusion as a process – a continuous process that analyzes and recommends improved ways of responding to diversity by accepting and learning from peoples’ differences. Every one’s difference is seen as an asset which can be used to ensure learning takes place under varied and flexible circumstances. Ainscow (2005) also refers to the second element of inclusion as identifying and removing barriers. The teachers or managers of the inclusion process should be actively involved in collecting, analyzing and managing information from diverse sources which can be applied to policy refinements and modifications. The third element is centered on enforcing active participation and goal achievement for each student. The fourth element highlighted by Ainscow (2005) is the need for teachers or those in charge of learning to place an increased emphasis on those who are at greater risk of being marginalized or who are less able to benefit from the current modes and aspects of learning. In summary, Ainscow (2005) suggests that the practices that are pervasive in most organizations today is a reflection of present culture and norms. Learners may be impeded from learning optimally under certain conditions due to over learned behaviour imposed by social institutions and their thinking patterns. Consequently, Ainscow (1999) suggests that the development of inclusive practices should focus on reforming the way actors think in order to be able to realize the full potential of inclusive education and make its practice more reinforced in schools across the world. Armstrong (2003) describes inclusion as a set of principles, values and practices that are executed to initiate a revolution of education systems and communities.   It seeks to challenge thinking that is conditioned to assume that certain pupils need to be dealt with in a particular way (Armstrong 2003). According to (CSIE 2010) Inclusive education has a long history but centers on the need for equality and human rights. It is based on a moral perspective that values and respects every person while welcoming diversity. Schools are becoming more open to people of different abilities, backgrounds, ethnic and cultural histories. Consequently, there’s an extensive need for schools to fend for different learners. According to CSIE (2010), inclusion in education has a large number of connotations and the basic ones include:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The need for schools to value everyone including staff and students equally.  · The participation of all students in cultures and learning communities, while reducing barriers to their learning and the inclusion of students, even though categorized as having special educational needs  · Revamping school’s practices and policies so that they are responsive to the variety of students within the region  · Learning from attempts at inclusive education and implementing the changes more widely  · Acknowledging the basic right of every child to a fair education and recognizing that inclusion in education is paramount to inclusion in society.  · Emphasizing the role of schools in community development, sustaining relationships and adjusting the resources of the schools to support learning. According to CSIE (2010), the world is changing and stereotypical thinking needs to be nipped in the bud. Valuing some people over others is deemed unethical; people should not be prevented from participating in culture and curricula and neither should segregated schooling be used for children with special needs since it violates their right to education without any form of discrimination (Ainscow 1994). Academic achievements should not be the sole aim of schooling there is also the moral and personal development that every child should have a right to. Also, isolating schools and communities from each other deprives students of rich and multifaceted experiences that can enhance their learning. The right to an inclusive education is in Article 24 (Education) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (2006). Even though the idea of inclusive education is generally accepted, some schools have reservations to it and claim that they do not have the resources to cater for all categories of children. It is unclear whether this problem is persistent due to funding, personal reservations or a lack of resources. In addition, inclusive education can be seen as an educational practice that emphasizes that students who can learn normally, without any learning inhibitions, spend time with those who have special educational needs which may be of any form. This type of inclusion emphasizes the child’s right to participate while schools are also inclined to accept the child as they would any other normal child. This principle rejects the use of special, isolated classrooms and learning environments for students with disabilities. The social, civil and participatory rights of students are emphasized and form the heart of any inclusive education strategy. It is a collective form of education in which all types of children can sit and learn together and it proposes the need to emphasize diverse learning approaches to handling children with varying educations and academic limits. With inclusive education, children who were previously excluded may now spend time with other children, which would not have been possible earlier. The use of segregated schooling is however still pervasive and one must bear in mind that Inclusive education does not apply only to disabled children but to everyone (CSIE 2010). The Benefits of Inclusive Education There are a number of ways to analyze the benefits of inclusive education. This section will start off by examining the benefits to disabled children. There are many aspects to inclusive education that can benefit disabled children as well as the normal children. Children with special needs would have the chance to learn in the same environment as normal children; they are thus subjected to the same learning environment and resources which will on the long run, ensure that they also have the opportunity to learn at the same pace as the normal children. Inclusive education may also nip in the bud, future psychological problems that a child may have when they eventually become aware that they have special needs. Inclusive education helps them to mix with other children thereby reducing possible issues of inferiority complex that may arise in the future. With inclusive education, schools can become flexible to adapting to the needs of the children, and not the other way round. The differences between the students can also serve as a means of achieving diversity and variety – the educational facilities and teachers would then have to develop unique responses to deal with each child (Ainscow 1999). In terms of society, the benefits are multi-fold. Inclusive education can help in forming stronger links between schools and communities. This on the long run will lead to stronger societies, partnering, consolidation and the forging of self respect for every individual in the society.   For developing countries, the benefits are extensive. Education is one of the hallmarks of any progressive society and as such should not be taken lightly. Inclusive education would give every child the right to fair education and a chance of a bright future. Inclusive education should be central to the educational polcies of any country claiming to be democratic. When countries embrace this ideal, it promotes a culture of fairness, comraderie and may nip societal ills such as racism and discrimination in the bud.

Significance of Product Life Cycle

Significance of Product Life Cycle The concept of product life-cycle highlights that sooner or later all products die and that if management wishes to sustain its revenues, it must replace the declining products with the new ones. The product life-cycle concept indicates as to what can be expected in the market for a new product at various stages. i.e., introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Thus, the concept of product life-cycle can be used as a forecasting tool. It can alert management that its product will inevitably face saturation and decline, and the host of problems these stages pose. The product life-cycle is also a useful framework for describing the typical evolution of marketing strategy over the stages of product life-cycle. This will help in taking sound marketing decisions at different stages of the product life-cycle. After a product has been developed, it is launched in the market with the help of various promotional devices such as advertising, sales promotion, publicity and paresonal selling. In other words, product development must be followed by the successful introduction of the product in the market. For this, planning for introduction of the product starts during the process of product development itself. Every firm makes sale projections during introduction, growth and maturity stage of the product life-cycle. To acheive the projected sales target, it formulates promotional, pricing and distribution policies. Thus, the concept of product life-cycle facilitates integrated marketing policies relating to product, price, place and promotion/distribution. The advantages of PLC to a firm are as follows: When the product life-cycle is predictable, the management must be cautious in taking advance steps before the decline stage, by adopting product modification, pricing strategies, style, quality, change, etc. The firm can prepare an effective product plan by knowing the product life-cycle of a product. The management can find new uses of the product for the expansion of market during growth stage and for extending the maturity stage. The management can adopt latest technological changes to improve the product quality, features and design. STAGES IN PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE Product life cycle comprises four stages: Introduction stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage product-life-cycle-stages-plc Fig 1: product life-cycle Product Life Cycle (PLC) Introduction stage EXAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS http://www.ithappensinindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/BPL-Television.jpg BPL TELEVISIONS Many products generally have a characteristic known as perishable distinctiveness.ÂÂ   This means that a product which is distinct when new degenerates over the years into a common commodity.ÂÂ   The process by which the distinctiveness gradually disappears as the product merges with other competitive products, has been rightly termed by Joel Dean as the cycle of competitive degeneration.ÂÂ   The cycle begins with the invention of a new product and is often followed by patent protection, and further development to make it saleable.ÂÂ   This is usually followed by a rapid expansion in its sales as the product gains market acceptance.ÂÂ   Then competitors enter the field with imitation and rival products and the distinctiveness of the new product starts diminishing.ÂÂ   The speed of degeneration differs from product to product.ÂÂ   While some products fail immediately on birth or a little later, others may live long enough.ÂÂ   BPLs picture in pi cture TV was eliminated at the introduction stage itself.ÂÂ   The innovation of a new product and its degeneration into a common product is termed as the life cycle of a product. There are five distinct stages in the life cycle of a product as shown below : Introduction. Research or engineering skill leads to product development.ÂÂ   The product is put on the market; awareness and acceptance are minimal.ÂÂ   There are high promotional costs.ÂÂ   Sometimes a product may generate a new demand, for example, Maggi.ÂÂ   Volume of sales is low and there may be heavy losses. Growth. The product begins to make rapid sales gains because of the cumulative effects of introductory promotion, distribution, and word-of-mouth influence.ÂÂ   High and sharply rising profits may be witnessed.ÂÂ   But to sustain growth, consumer satisfaction must be ensured at this stage. Maturity. Sales growth continues, but at a diminishing rate, because of the declining number of potential customers who remain unaware of the product or who have taken no action.ÂÂ   Also, the last of the unsuccessful competing brands will probably withdraw from the market.ÂÂ   For this reason, sales are likely to continue to rise while the customers for the withdrawn brands are mopped up by the survivors.ÂÂ   There is no improvement in the product but changes in selling effort are common.ÂÂ   Profit margins slip despite rising sales. Saturation. Sales reach and remain on a plateau marked by the level of replacement demand.ÂÂ   There is little additional demand to be stimulated. Decline.ÂÂ  Sales begin to diminish absolutely as the customers begin to tire of the product and the product is gradually edged out by better products or substitutes, for example, dial telephones and petrol jeeps. http://www.mbaknol.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/product-life-cycle.jpg Time Fig 2: product life-cycle of BPL TVs There are several reasons why the life-cycle of a product tends to be short :ÂÂ   (a) continuous research for product development, (b) simultaneous attempts by several companies in the same direction, and (c) tendency of a new idea to attract competitors.ÂÂ   Improvements offered by one company are likely to be met and, if possible, exceeded by competitors in a relatively short period.ÂÂ   If a competitor hits upon a real improvement (perhaps based on an entirely new technology) and he markets it well, both sales and profits of the original technology) and he markets it well, both sales and profits of the original product innovator may decline drastically. It may be noted that products may begin a new cycle or revert to an early stage as a result of (a) the discovery of new uses, (b) the appearance of new users, and (c) introduction of new features. As the distinctiveness of the products fade, the pricing discretion enjoyed by their producers gradually declines.ÂÂ   This is what happened in the case of many products like ball-point pens, transistors, radios, etc.ÂÂ   Throughout the cycle, changes take place in price and promotional elasticity of demand as also in the production and distribution costs of the product.ÂÂ   Pricing policy, therefore, must be adjusted over the various phases of the cycle. Product life-cycle concentrates only the life-cycle of a product beginning with its introduction into the market to the post-marketing phase.ÂÂ   However, a series of processes are to be undertaken by the management even prior to the introduction of a product in the market.ÂÂ   These processes include exploration, screening, analysis, development, testing, etc.ÂÂ   The concept of product life-cycle may be used as a managerial tool. Marketing strategies, however, have to be changed with changes in the phase of the life-cycle of a product.ÂÂ   An understanding of the cycle is helpful to the managers for a rational understanding of the future sales activities as also planning of marketing strategies.ÂÂ   Hence, PLC is synonymous with the pattern of demand for a product over time. The length of time that a product spends at anyone stage varies from product to product.ÂÂ   A product might not pass through every stage in the cycle.ÂÂ   Some products, for instance, might not get past the introductory stage, while others might not get past the growth or even the maturity stage.ÂÂ   There might be still other products that might pass through the introduction to maturity stages but might take a longer period to reach the saturation stage and hence might take a longer period to reach the decline stage.ÂÂ   Some products, for instance, might not get past the maturity stage.ÂÂ   There might be still other products that might pass through the introduction to maturity stages but might take a longer period to reach the saturation stage and hence might take a longer period to reach the decline stage.ÂÂ   Some products might even hustle through the entire cycle in an amazingly short period.ÂÂ   In certain cases, there might even be a repos itioning of a product, which might trigger off a new growth cycle.ÂÂ   http://www.dineshbakshi.com/phocadownload/product-life-cycle.jpg ÂÂ  Fig 3: product life-cycle of Facebook

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Technology, Automated Online Assistan

This paper summarizes various definitions of Artificial Intelligence and provides a brief account of progress in the field. The origin and purpose of artificial intelligence is discussed. This paper also discusses a few of the many subcategories of research, applications and current technological obstacles that scientist face when developing AI. In particular, this paper overviews various specific military applications of AI. Finally, the paper provides discussion on the impact that the future of artificial intelligence may have on humans. The literature that exists regarding artificial intelligence shall also be examined briefly, and finally how it has affected humanity, particularly psychologically. â€Æ' Statement of topic Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often depicted by science fiction authors and scientists as potentially equal—or superior—to human intelligence. Yet this dream may remain elusive until machines attain the basic human virtue of common sense. Some of the leading experts and researchers in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have tried to define the term or the subject. Phillip Jackson, in his book An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (1985), defines AI research as ‘an attempt to discover and describe aspects of human intelligence that can be simulated by machines’ (Jackson, 1985). John McCarthy, one of the pioneer scientists in the field and the person believed to have coined the term ‘artificial intelligence’ defined the goal of AI as ‘to develop machines that behave as though they were intelligent.’ This definition, however, is insufficient because it does not comprehensively capture the intended purpose of AI; it is to o general. The definition that best captures the definition of AI was given ... ...l the cursor of a mouse by what they think and using their speech. The system, created at Washington University, enables people who have had damage to their speech because of a brain injury or who have limited mobility because of injury to use computers just as normal people would (Leuthardt, et al., 2011). Scientists currently try as much as possible to focus on solutions that help solve limitations that machines have, trying to improve them as much as possible. One good example is the research currently being undertaken by researchers to find easier ways in which soft robots used in search and rescue can move faster. As a result, the researchers have focused on the movement of different species of caterpillars, looking up to these soft-bodies caterpillars for inspiration on how to create more intelligent systems of robot locomotion (Lin, Leisk, & Trimmer, 2011).

The Mention of the Israelites in Egyptian Scriptures :: essays research papers fc

There are several Egyptian documents that not only mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to historical facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letters, a large â€Å"stele† of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to James Orr, general editor for â€Å"The Definition for Egypt,† the Tell el-Amarna Letters were discovered in 1887. â€Å"These documents refer to many Biblical cities; they also give much direct information concerning the political and social conditions at that period† (Orr, Palestine). Damien Mackey’s â€Å"The House of David,† shows the remarkable similarities between several rulers in Egypt and the three kings (Saul, David, and Salomon) mentioned in the Bible. In Michael Grant’s â€Å"The History of Ancient Israel,† he states that a ruler in the 14th century named Labayu ruled over Shechem and extended his kingdom as far as the Mediterranean coast (18). One model given in the case of Saul tells of a second name stated in Psalm 57; the name is Lebaim, â€Å"a unique word in the Old Testament meaning great lions.† In line with this passage comes a reference from the Amarna letters; an Egyptian pharaoh whose name was Labayu, meaning â€Å"Great Lion of (N)’ where N is a god’s name† (Mackey 1). The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis III as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important roll after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 3:1, the passage tells of how Saul’s two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of Megiddo, the records by Tuthmosis III describe the split of his armies to defeat scattered forces in separate Canaanite towns. Later, Tuthmosis rejoins his armies to capture of Megiddo (Orr, Palestine). This corresponds with II Samuel 11:1 account of David’s conquest of Rabbah (Mackey 5). Although, not as much information is found on the Elephantine papyri and the â€Å"stele† of Menephtah, they still display the bonds between the history of Egypt and biblical scriptures.

The Shock of Enslavement

African rulers began enslaving and selling their own people to Europe and other countries long before there was such a large demand for slaves in the early 1600s. Enslavement started out as punishment for crimes, but soon became a booming business for African rulers. English colonists who had a need for cheap labor decided to tap into the slave trade to find affordable plantation workers. Africans were taken against their will, tortured, and dehumanized in preparation for their journey into slavery. Africans of all social ranks ended up on slave ships. Some had been village leaders; some already slaves in Africa, members of chiefs’ families and the educated elite. They were kidnapped, separated from their families, branded like cattle, and made to march in chains to the coast where they would be confined in cages until there were enough of them to fill a ship. The slaves then boarded canoes to be ferried to the ships. Many became desperate and decided to jump overboard and drown rather than be carried off to an unknown destination. The voyage from Africa to North America was a six- to eight-week-long ocean voyage called the Middle Passage. Men were wedged below decks in spaces about 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 30 inches high. Women and children were packed even more tightly. The slaves were forced to stay below decks most of the time where the smell of vomit, blood, and other body fluids grew rancid. Some slaves went insane from the cooped up conditions, and hearing shrieks and groans of pain or dying. Others refused to eat. On many voyages, between 5 and 20 percent of the slaves died from disease and other causes. Those who survived the horrifying voyage endured the humiliation of being sold. Buyers generally preferred males and often looked for slaves from certain African ethnic groups, believing that some Africans would work harder than others. The process often involved being looked over for signs of disease, including being poked and prodded. Many terrified Africans thought they were going to be eaten. Being a slave in early American times would have been a horrible way to live. But that seems mild compared to the actual process of becoming a slave and enduring the horrific voyage overseas to America. We can only hope that time has healed some of the pain and suffering caused to all generations and races that have been enslaved throughout the years.Works CitedDavid Goldfield –[et al.]–(2009) The American Journey: a history of the United States, p.68-71 The Wikimedia Foundation (2010) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Passage

Ariel Levys Essay

There is no doubt about it that sex sells. In today’s world it is impossible to turn on the television without seeing a sexual-based commercial playing. Raunch culture is known as a sexualized lifestyle. Many businesses, advertisements, movies, and people partake in this lifestyle choice every day. Ariel Levy’s is a staff writer at The New Yorker magazine and author of the book Female Chauvinist Pigs she has appeared in big name magazines such as Vogue and the New York Times. Ariel Levy’s standpoint in â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs† is that raunch culture empowers women. I have mixed feelings about this article. I disagree that raunch culture empowers women however I agree there is just a certain way you have to do it. In reading Levy’s article she discusses raunch culture and how women feel empowered by it. Women feel like being sexy or sexually stimulating men makes them feel more in control. Levy gives a different outlook on the women that partake in this lifestyle. Levy feels that women are close-minded when discussing sexual things. Levy gives an inside look on certain women that partake in this industry by showing that its way more than just â€Å"sex†. Ruanch culture makes women look worthless and gives off the impression that they don’t have any self-respect. We are looked at as just a â€Å"sexual object† rather than a respected woman. Ruach culture suppresses us as women and we are getting nowhere as women with these kind of vulgar activity’s. Women today are still being looked at as weaker than men. I have googled multiple porn stars of today such as Pinky, Jenna Jameson, and many others; they all seem to have one thing in common. These women don’t have husbands, children, and they don’t get along with their family. I know from a personal experience with having brothers that they would never take a stripper or a porn-star home to my mother. It might be cool to sleep with them but at the  end of the day a man wants a woman that is respectable and classy, basically someone they can actually take home there to mom. My mother always says â€Å"if you don’t have respect for yourself, how are you going to have respect for others†. Ruanch culture also objectifies women instead of empowering them. I did some research and found a biography on Jenna Jameson, a world known porn-star, on YouTube. She talked about her life, family, community service that she has done. Although she spoke on all those positive things people’s comments were still derogatory, calling her a â€Å"hoe† and a â€Å"slut†. Even though she has done many things in the community she is still looked upon as nothing more than a porn-star. This is what I meant by saying that ruanch does not empower women. This woman can give thousands to charity’s do numerous community activities help people all around the world but her erotic lifestyle will never get her the respect she deserves. If anyone has ever watched the HBO show called â€Å"Sex in The City† raunchy culture is the whole makeup of the show. Basically the show is about four ladies that are the best of friends they go to parties and they speak about their sexual experiences love interests and careers. The main character Carrey Bradshaw is a sex column writer for the New York Times. She gives women advice on how to deal with sex and relationships. This to me walks a fine line with raunchiness. In the show people are so glad that she writes these columns, she helps out regular women with awkward situations such as sex. This is a different form of raunchiness and I actually accept it. Carrey helps women get through difficult times with the different men in their life. A lot of times women don’t know what to do in certain situations and feel embarrassed about asking someone for advice that is where she comes in to help with her column. She is not showing her breast or objectifying her, she is only just giving advice on the topic of sex still raunchy but in the way that she is writing, it comes off respectable. As women we should come together and stop objectifying ourselves. I feel that porn should be banded on the fact that as women it’s getting us nowhere. People are only looking at us as these sexual objects rather than  smart sophisticated human beings that we actually are. Porn is a disgrace for all women. It makes us look bad as women, like as if there is nothing more to us than a nice butt and a perky set of boobs. Levy’s argument that raunch empowers women is only good up to a certain extent. If you have to put yourself out there to get attention our show your body then that is not empowerment.There are many other ways that woman can empower themselves such as fighting for positive/worthy causes, mentoring to young ladies, and volunteering services for young woman. If woman today focus on more of these positive aspects of empowerment then there will be no need to take off your clothes to fill liberated. These kind of empowering activities will give us the respect we deserve as woman. Outline i. There’s no doubt about it that sex sells a. Sex doesn’t empower women b. It is occurring every day in today’s society commercials, movies, people etc. c. It is affecting young women d. We have to start respecting ourselves more as women so we can get to get on the same level as a man ii. Author Ariel levy believes that raunch culture empowers women a. Levy feels that raunch is a form of empowerment for some women b. I agree and disagree that raunch empowers women iii. Levy feels that as women we are closed-minded about talking about sex we should open our minds to different things and how ruanch empowers women and makes them feel in control or dominate over a man. iv. I believe that raunchiness suppresses women a. Levy feels that raunch empowers women b. She talks about strippers and â€Å"how they could teach you a thing or two† quoted by Levy pg.267 c. I believe that levy is wrong it doesn’t help us as women to achieve equality with men they look at us as sexual objects rather than human beings. Summary In ‘Female Chauvinist Pigs† author Ariel levy speaks on how raunchiness empowers women and makes them feel more in control. She gives an inside look on the woman who partake in this lifestyle. I believe it doesn’t empower women but actually suppresses us as women. Men look at us as only â€Å"sexual objects† rather than sophisticated human beings. As women I feel we should have a lot more respect for ourselves. I believe there are only a few exceptions to raunchiness for example journalism or advice columns or a sex doctor other than that it is simply wrong. As a woman I feel we need to get rid of porn, it’s getting us nowhere as women. We are not on the same playing field as man and I believe that porn is preventing it from happening. If we could come together as women and start respecting ourselves more I feel a lot can change in the future. K.A.N Knowledge 1. My audience knows about sex and the role it plays in everyday life 2. Raunchiness is suppressing women because we are not equal to man 3. The reason its suppressing women is because we will never be able to be equal to a man if this doesn’t stop Attitude 1. This is a serious essay so serious would be the attitude I’m going for 2. I want them to take this essay seriously because it’s a serious matter Needs 1. The reader to understand the seriousness of the topic 2. For women to have more self-respect 3. Abolish porn to help women get on the same playing field as men 4. To come together to make this all happen

White-collar Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

White-collar Crime - Essay Example White-collar crimes normally take place within a business and can involve embezzlement, lying, cheating, fraud, or blackmail. The individual uses resources that their business has to offer to allow them to achieve whatever their crime is, though they mainly involve money or stealing items or services to sell illegally to others. However, there are also instances of white-collar crime that consists of a high social class, respected individual committing a crime someplace other than their place of employment. Examples of this would be an individual attempting to fraud a bank, becoming involved in racketeering, or even a person using someone else’s position in business for personal gain (Wand, 2009). What sets white-collar crimes apart from other crimes, such as street crimes, is not so much the individual committing the crime, but the crime itself. White-collar crimes tend to be sophisticated in nature, as well as less violent. A street criminal would hold up a convenience store at gunpoint to obtain money, yet a white-collar criminal would fraud a bank or counterfeit money. A street criminal may harm someone in the process of his robbery, but this is uncommon in white-collar crime, though it still has the chance of happening. Reference Wand, K. (2009). White-collar crime. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Cengage Learning.

Southwest Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example In 1992, 10% of stocks of the company were owned by employees. It encourages union membership with management having good relationship with the labor union, thereby avoiding any loss of mandays through strike or lockups. The organizational culture of company thrives on excellent teamwork that promotes collective decision making and shared learning. Being part of profit sharing encourages concept of ‘big family’ significantly forges personal bond with the company that reflects in their committed work and improved productive outcome. Continuous improvement and innovation in customer service is the hallmark of the airlines. The employees and staff are empowered to make decisions regarding the welfare of the customer on and off the flight. The company’s strategy was to increase the number of customer service agents so that the passengers could get improved personal service and emotional support and security at the time of crisis. Grant (2007) says that analysis and identification of the changing preferences of the customer are important ingredients to gain leverage against their rivals (Grant, 2007). Southwest has been focused in its customer service and makes continuous efforts to update its products line with that of the changing public requirements. Company’s stock ticker symbol is fittingly chosen as ‘LUV’! Indeed, the company has been innovative in its new plans and features to meet the challenges of time. While the management follows stringent regulations and strict time schedules, it has, at the same time, empowered its workforce to make decisions based on informed choices. Southwest prefers destination to destination flights which is preferred by customers and therefore is more popular. Its low cost strategy has been successful because of its exemplary customer service, security features and specialized short haul flights. The high

Language and Content Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Language and Content Objectives - Essay Example Language and content learning can be segregated in three domains, i.e. Social Language (SL), School Navigational Language (SNL) and Curriculum Content Language (CCL). While all these domains aim at developing the linguistic skills and communication abilities of pupils at their early life, their core purposes differ widely in their application. For instance, the objective of SL is mainly to assist the learners to communicate with their family members and friends when conducting their daily activities. Thus, at a larger paradigm it helps in creating a social status for the learners amid their surrounding community. Again, SNL helps the learners to communicate with their peers and teachers, inducing a degree of formalism in their language, when communicating within the school environment. Accordingly, CCL emphasises helping learners to communicate with teachers, instructors as well as peers, wherein the learners focus on obtaining instructions and following them within the classroom env ironment. Thus, it can be stated that while SL is a much casual approach, SNL and CCL are gradually more systematic and formal procedures of communication that the learners need to implement in their day-to-day interaction (Haynes & Zacarian, 2010; Bailey & Heritage,

Management of Organizational Behavior. Leadership Essay

Management of Organizational Behavior. Leadership - Essay Example A situational leadership is comprised upon an art of observing and dealing people to make effective changes according to the behavior, situations and sensitivity of a task (Patricia Zigarmi, 2000). In short, a successful leader has to be versatile with his leadership styles and should act according to the maturity level of his team workers. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: The topic of leadership is under constant growth and grooming in the organizational sciences since 1920’s and amendments or new theories are being laid continuously to bring the best of the option. Before, situational leadership by Hersey and Blanchard was introduced; different leadership theories were given like Great Man Theory, Trait Theories, Contingency Theory, Situational Theory and Behavioral Theories in which leaders were asked to follow different traits or behavior to get the tasks done (Yi-Hsuan Lee, 2007). Mouton and Blake laid a theory of behavioral leadership with a Managerial Grid, which emphasis on the concerns for people and productions can be done in different ratios which are more workable for a successful leadership. In 1970’s, Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard introduced a new concept of leadership which was based on practical approaches within any organization. Later on different leadership styles were introduced but none fits as best as Situatio nal Leadership by Hersey and Blanchard (Robert D. Cecil, 2006). ... Task behavior could be dealt with complete guidance from when, how, where and with what to begin and relationship behavior allows followers or managers to be involved in discussions for different decisive issues. In other words, Relationship behavior offers a freedom for followers. Leaders can follow four leadership styles which were introduced by Hersey and Blanchard as guidance to act and demand according to a situation (Hersey, P. 1977). S1 (telling): Style 1 refers to the high task and low relationship behavior in which each and every task as how, when, where to be done is explained. S2 (selling): Style 2 refers to a balance of both task and relationship behavior in which followers are asked to communicate with the leader before starting any new task. S3 (participating): Style 3 refers to a low task and high relationship behavior in which followers are trusted for their endless efforts and dedication towards an organization. S4 (delegating): Style 4 refers to a low profile with b oth low task and low relationship behaviors in which the maturity level of the followers are completely incompatible with the work requirements and the leader has to delegate from top to bottom to get the work done. All these styles are adopted according to the maturity level of the followers. RESPONSE TO BLAKE AND MOUTON: In response to Blake and Mouton’s article â€Å"How to choose leadership style† published in February, 1982, Hersey and Blanchard appreciated the effort made by Blake and Mouton but Hersey and Blanchard responded well to this controversy by redefining that Grid talks about attitudinal dimensions and Hersey and Blanchard are more towards observed behaviors. In short, Grid interprets the values and attitudes of the followers and predicts to work with

Discourse Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discourse Community - Essay Example Thus, a discourse community, in other words, can be termed as a group of individuals or rather people who talk the same language that can only be understood by the members of the community. There are various discourse communities in the societies. In sports, the communities range from football, basketball, hockey, tennis, rugby and volleyball among other. I belong to various discourse communities. They include my tennis team, my writing class and my farming community. All these discourse communities are significant to the lives of its member since they so big that they brings together people from all walks of life; whether poor, rich, young or old and even from diverse races. All these people from different social classes understand every bit of conversation inside the community. My writing skills have been built by the lessons I attend in the writing class. To me, this class really qualifies to be a discourse community since the members of this class share common interests, goals an d objectives. Thus, everything that occurs during this academic course occurs with a sole aim of improving the students’ writing skills. This academic course has enabled me to perfect my writing skills that can be applied in other academic courses. My writing skills have been improved through a series of group writing practice and individual writing practice as I follow the writing rules that are always presented to us in this class. Every member of this community always adheres to the set rules and policies in order to achieve or rather attain the projected obligation. Across the globe, there are millions of individuals who belong to this discourse community whereby similar rules apply. Therefore, applying the writing rules that have been contributed by various scholars across the globe and from different writing communities have greatly improved my skills because I have gained from diverse sources of information. Tennis, as a discourse community where I belong, the tennis l anguage is used in communication. I always use the tennis language whenever in the company of teammates or rather the people who understand or have knowledge about the tennis game. There are a number of words that can only be used in the tennis language. Therefore, people who are not familiar with the language cannot understand. Moreover, there are various terminologies which are used in the world of tennis which may mean other things in the normal world contexts. For instance, an individual who is outside the tennis discourse community might misinterpret an idea or a word when he or she tries to mean another thing. Thus, an individual who do not belong in the tennis discourse community will probably not understand the conversation of the community members even if he or she is taking part in the conversation. In order to understand that the tennis team is a discourse community, I had to take attend daily training and practice so as to make myself vast with the language, cultures, ru les and the entire routine or programs of the community. For an individual to join the tennis discourse community, he or she cannot just show up to the daily practice and become a member. Instead, he or she has to undergo a serious test or rather an interview so as to be accepted in the community. The test of new recruits comprise of various

Business Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Business Ethics - Coursework Example 1.2.4 Importance of business ethics and morality in the working environment 12 1.3 Problem of Statement 14 1.4 Purpose of the study 14 1.5 Significance of the study 15 1.6 Scope and limitations 15 1.7 Definition of terms 15 1.8 Summary 17 Chapter two 18 Literature review 18 2.1 introduction 18 2.2 history of the research 18 2.3 Review of business Ethics 19 2.4 Business ethics and profitability 24 2.5 Summary 26 Chapter three 27 Research methodology 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Research methods applied 27 3.2.1 Quantitative research methodology 27 3.2.2 Qualitative research methodology 28 3.2.3 Justification for using the quantitative and qualitative research methodology 28 3.3 Techniques of data collection 28 3.3.1 Primary data collection protocols 29 3.3.3 Selected data collection protocols 30 3.4 Theoretical Framework 30 3.4.1 Variables used in the study 30 3.4.2 Rationale for selecting and using the variables selected 32 3.5 Research subjects 32 3.5.1 Research data parameters 32 3.6 Designing the questionnaire 34 3.6.1 Description of the questionnaire used 34 3.6.2 Categories of the question used 35 3.6.3 Sources of information 36 3.7 Conducting interviews 36 The Research Questionnaire 36 The interview questions 40 Questions to the employees 40 Question to the management 41 3.8.1 Collecting information from previous works 42 3.8.2 Company reports 42 3.8.3 Study of governmental guideline and policies 42 3.9 Summary 42 Chapter four 43 Results and Discussions 43 4.1 Results from the questionnaire 43 4.1.1 Size of the firm 43 4.1.2 Management levels/organizational structure 44 Figure 4.1: hierarchical organization structure 44 Figure 4.2: hierarchical organization structure 45 4.1.3 Code of ethics 46 4.1.4 Updating of...Previous study shows that morality and business ethics is not only an important and compulsory part of business success, but also a methods of fostering cooperation and honesty among its workforce as well as encouraging candor towards the societal and philosophical issues about the business responsibility in contributing to the community welfare and Environmental preservation. The researcher in this paper studies the morality of business ethics in a profitable organization. The researcher investigative edge is to determine the effects of morality to the triumph of any organization, determine any incentives given to augment morality in the business environ as well as examine whether ethical issues are mandatory and obligatory for the success and operation of any corporation. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied to carefully study the business milieu with the view of drawing a conclusive result on the issue. The researcher also formulated questionnaires and relied on first hand information to investigate the complex aspect of morality in business from a multidimensional view. The term business ethics can be defined as accepted or prescribed code of conduct in the business atmosphere. Ethical principles govern the operations of the business environment and incorporate all aspects of the industry conduct, conduct of individuals and organizations as a whole.